## The humanitarian and security situation in North Kivu: between emergencies and persistent challenges
The United Nations Humanitarian Affairs Coordination Office (OCHA) recently sounded alarm concerning the continuous deterioration of the situation in the territories of Beni and Lubero, in North Kivu. The report made public on May 16 highlights a state of humanitarian emergency that deserves increased attention. This document highlights armed violence, the massive movement of civilians and the persistent threats that weigh on thousands of people.
#### Lights on armed violence
The current context is marked by recent clashes between rival factions of an armed group in the Vuhira region, triggered since April 26. These violence intensified the climate of insecurity already prevail in the region. OCHA reports that the presence of armed groups and the combined military operations of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (FARDC) and the Ugandan army (UPDF) against the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) continue, but the situation remains unstable.
The fact that these military operations have not clearly led to a tangible improvement in security raises questions about the effectiveness of military strategies. Can we consider an approach more focused on dialogue and reconciliation in parallel with military efforts? What are the other dimensions to explore to guarantee lasting peace?
#### Weight of illegal taxes and trips
Information concerning illegal taxes and the rights of way imposed on civilians in the OICHA area raise ethical and practical concerns. These practices limit not only access to vital resources, but also fuel the feeling of impunity among armed groups. The question of governance and the rule of law is therefore crucial. How can we restore the confidence of populations towards state institutions and promote renewed legitimacy?
Beyond the situation in Oicha, the report indicates that residents flee towards areas considered to be safer, as Masereka and Lubero. The consequences of these trips are multiple. On the one hand, the reception communities must face increased pressure on local resources, while the displaced people live in precarious conditions, often without adequate humanitarian assistance. What measures could be put in place to better integrate these populations while supporting the reception communities?
#### Signs of ephemeral hope
It should be noted that OCHA reported a relative lull in the south of the territory of Lubero. However, the emergence of armed groups in Kitsombero and Kamandi fuels the fear of new attacks. This cycle of hope and instability is particularly destabilizing for populations who aspire to a serene life. International efforts must be intensified to prevent an resurgence of violence and promote socio -political transformation through mediation and community engagement.
Tragic incidents such as the explosion of a kitsombiro machine, which has cost civilians, illustrate the persistent threat of explosive war. This refers to the need to invest in demining and awareness programs with communities. How to coordinate these efforts with rehabilitation and development initiatives to meet the complex combination of immediate needs and long -term sustainability?
#### Humanitarian emergency and plea for action
Faced with the intensification of humanitarian crises in North Kivu, OCHA calls for an urgent humanitarian response. However, the simple provision of aid is not sufficient. It is also imperative to think of a systemic approach that integrates security, humanitarian aid, development and governance. How to articulate these different dimensions for maximum impact and real change?
It is undeniable that the path to peace and stability in North Kivu is strewn with pitfalls. But the international community, local governments and NGOs must strengthen their cooperation and innovate in terms of solutions. An open dialogue, associated with a deep understanding of contexts and local realities, could be a powerful lever to transform the current dynamics.
In conclusion, the situation in the territories of Beni and Lubero deserves increased attention and sustained collective action. The questions raised by OCHA underline the importance of taking into account not only immediate responses, but also the need to build solid foundations for a peaceful and prosperous future in this region.