** Marie-Ange Mushobekwa and the debate on federalism in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a reflection on national cohesion and the management of institutions **
The question of the form of the State in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is at the heart of intense political discussions, and recently, Marie-Ange Mushobekwa, former deputy and ex-minister of human rights, clearly expressed her opposition to federalism. This position raises crucial issues that deserve to be explored in depth to understand the implications of this debate on the political future of the country.
### A vision for the DRC: the decentralized unitary state
In its statements, Mushobekwa says that the DRC must keep its unit state system, but in a decentralized way, as stipulated by the current constitution. However, it recognizes that the non-compliance with the latter and a faulty management of the institutions are the real causes of the problems that the country is going through. This analysis raises fundamental questions: to what extent is the legal framework in place actually applied? And what are the strategies implemented to strengthen the responsibility and efficiency of institutions?
The ex-minister emphasizes the need for a rigorous application of the Constitution, advocating an “happy medium” which could potentially strengthen decentralization while maintaining a certain unity. By evoking the provincial assemblies, Mushobekwa seems to suggest that a re -evaluation of their role is essential. This leads to reflect on the tools necessary to do this: could an institutional reform make these assemblies more operational and responsible?
### Federalism: risk of balkanization?
Marie-Ange Mushobekwa goes further by expressing her fears about federalism, which she considers a risk of balkanization for the country. This sensitive edge in the national debate draws attention to the historic journey of the DRC, which has already suffered from ethnic and regional tensions. The spectrum of the division that could generate a poorly designed federalism is legitimate, but it also invites us to question the country’s ability to unite around a common project in a decentralized framework.
The proposals of a transition to a Federal Republic of the Congo, formulated by Olivier Kamitatu, open an alternative perspective, that of better regional management. This leads to wondering: what could guarantee that federalism be implemented effectively and inclusive, so as to promote equality between regions, rather than strengthening inequalities?
## The institutional dysfunctions in question
Mushobekwa’s observations on the institutional coup of November 2020 and its consequences on the functioning of the National Assembly and the Senate deserve special attention. The state of political institutions in the DRC is often criticized for its ineffectiveness, and these observations highlight the urgency of a precise diagnosis of systemic problems. What reforms could be envisaged to restore public confidence in these institutions and ensure that they fulfill their mission appropriately?
The ex-minister clearly makes the link between good governance and socio-economic development. It highlights essential institutions such as the national equalization fund and justice, the proper functioning of which could have a significant impact on the progression of the country. This raises questions about the current mechanisms of financing and decision-making: how could these institutions be reformed to better serve the interests of the Congolese?
### Conclusion: towards a constructive debate
The exchange of ideas around the form of the state in the DRC, marked by the oppositions between influential political figures such as Mushobekwa and Kamitatu, highlights the complexity of current political issues. Rather than polarizing, it could be beneficial to invite more actors in civil society, experts and citizens to participate in this debate.
It is essential to build bridges and seek solutions that take into account the aspirations of all strata of the population. The DRC is at a historic crossroads. The track of decentralization while respecting the current constitution could represent a viable compromise, provided that it is accompanied by reforms supported by a strong political will.
It is through dialogue and consensus that the DRC will be able to consider a more stable future and a collective national unity project. The words of Marie-Ange Mushobekwa, while being firm, call on the importance of responsibility and good governance, fundamental elements for the prosperity of the Congolese state.