### Strengling negotiations: the complex dynamics of the M23 and the DRC
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is not unrelated to political and military tensions, but the emergence of the March 23 movement (M23) raises questions about the sustainability of peace and the dynamics of regional relations. The recent arrival of the Congolese delegation in Luanda for direct negotiations with M23, on March 17, 2025, illustrates the delicate nature of this situation. These talks, supposed to be a turning point, are already threatened by the withdrawal of the rebellion, which denounces the European sanctions targeting its leaders.
#### Persistent mistrust
The history of the DRC is punctuated by armed conflicts, where external actors such as Angola play a role of mediator. However, the question that arises is to what extent these interventions can really provide a lasting solution. The distrust between the Congolese government and the M23 is fueled by decades of violence, leaving deep scars. The withdrawal of the M23 of the talks highlights this distrust, especially since the sanctions involve deep consequences on the negotiation capacities of the rebels.
#### Historical context and geopolitical issues
To understand the current situation, it is essential to replace M23 in a historical context. This armed group, trained in 2012, emerged in the province of North Kivu against a background of frustration in the face of the absence of reforms in the security sector and the management of natural resources. Their demands go beyond the simple takeover; They reflect a quest for recognition and representation within the Congolese state. The absence of an inclusive dialogue only exacerbates tensions.
European sanctions, presented by M23 as an obstacle to dialogue, highlight the complexities of international diplomacy. These measures aim to punish human rights violations, but they can also strengthen the resentment and isolation of an already marginalized group. A parallel can be established with other conflicts in the world where sanctions have finally hindered peace rather than facilitating it, as was observed in the case of Syria or Iraq.
#### Analysis of the actors: between hope and disillusionment
Stakeholders in this conflict, starting with Angola, could play a crucial role in creating bridges between factions. The factive M23, following its withdrawal, stresses that discussions must be based on precepts of mutual trust and sincere commitment. This is where political figures invited to participate in discussions come in. Figures like Jean-Baptiste Muhindo Kasekwa and Jean Thierry Monsenepwo, representatives of political parties, could facilitate inclusive political dialogues.
However, even these efforts are likely to deal with a lack of legitimacy if the demands of the local population, often ignored as part of the talks, are not taken into account. One of the major challenges remains to renew confidence between the government and the communities of North Kivu, often in the grip of insecurity and human rights abuses.
#### Towards a redefinition of interethnic relationships?
Conflicts in eastern DRC are also fed by ethnic and tribal divisions that transcend the simple military framework. The need for reconciliation and harmonization of interethnic relationships becomes inevitable in this context. The DRC cannot hope for lasting peace without a strategy that incorporates the voice of local communities, making them actors in their destiny. This implies a process of decentralization, a better sharing of resources and an openness to an intercultural dialogue on conflict management.
### conclusion: an uncertain future
While the international community observes these developments, it is essential to keep the eye on peace initiatives which take into account not only military actors, but also the basic needs of the populations affected by the conflict. Discussions in Luanda, although they are in crisis, could potentially mark a moment of renewal if they manage to integrate elements of trust, reconciliation and inclusiveness.
The way to follow is sown with pitfalls, but the DRC deserves a future where peace and development are accessible to all, far from the dynamics of historical power which have too often predominated. A careful observation of the next steps will be crucial to understand if Angolan diplomacy can create a framework conducive to a final resolution of the conflict.