### British sanctions against Rwanda: a domino effect on the Great Lakes region?
Recent news has seen the United Kingdom announce targeted sanctions against Rwanda, in response to Rwandan support allegations to rebel groups in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), in particular the M23 group. This decision is part of a complex geopolitical context which deserves an in -depth analysis, not only of the immediate consequences within the region of the Great Lakes, but also of the international dynamics which surround this conflict.
#### A complex historical context
To better understand this situation, it is necessary to look at the history of relations between Rwanda and the DRC. The eastern DRC is a region rich in natural resources, such as precious minerals, which attract international lusts. Since the 1996 War, which led to the fall of Mobutu Sese Seko, Rwanda and Uganda have been accused of interfering in Congolese affairs, often on the pretext of protecting their own security interests in the face of armed groups based in the DRC.
The resurgence of the M23, which has experienced a revival of activities since 2021, recalls the troubled history of Rwandan involvement in this conflict. The M23 was created mainly by CNDP veterans, supported by Kigali. Rwandan support accusations to this group are therefore not new and raise questions about Rwanda’s will to maintain an influence in the DRC, while presenting themselves as a key regional player in the fight against terrorism and instability.
#### The implications of British sanctions
The British sanctions, which follow those imposed by the American Treasury against James Kabarebe, former Minister of Defense of Rwanda, aim to send a clear message to Kigali about his actions perceived as expansionists. It is interesting to note that these sanctions are not only symbolic; They could have direct economic repercussions on Rwanda, whose economy is partly based on exports, including those of minerals.
From a virtual point of view, sanctions can also catalyze a broader debate on the need to redefine the relations of the West with the countries of East Africa. Even though the great powers seek to establish partnerships with African nations, an approach based on coercive measures could lead to growing resentment and the isolation of the actors already in despair. The British approach, although on taxable and diplomatic reasons, raises the question of the effectiveness of such sanctions in an already unstable environment.
#### A reflection on the balance of powers
The possible climbing of the conflict in eastern DRC, exacerbated by tensions between Rwanda and Congo, could have destabilizing effects beyond borders, affecting other countries in the region such as Uganda and Burundi. The emergence of new anti-Rwanda alliances, following these sanctions, could tip the balance of powers in the region, making the peaceful resolution of the crisis even more difficult.
### to a multilateral approach?
In this context, it is essential to envisage a more collaborative multilateral response to address the problems of security and regional tensions. The United Nations, the African Union and other regional actors must be the engines of a dialogue which tackles not only security concerns, but also the socio-economic issues that push violence.
A mediation framework could make it possible to discuss the grievances on both sides, while including a reflection on transparency in the exploitation of natural resources. Countries rich in minerals must find a balance between economic development and human rights, thus supporting the establishment of more fair and equitable local governance.
#### Conclusion
The United Kingdom’s decision to sanction Rwanda is part of a complex dynamic with deeply rooted historical issues. Being content with applying sanctions will probably not be enough to solve problems of violence and exploitation in the east of the DRC. A more collaborative approach, integrating regional and international actors, seems essential to consider a lasting future for this region tormented by conflicts, ambitions and precious resources. It is not only a question of foreign policy, but also an opportunity to envisage a future where diplomacy and cooperation prevail over coercion.