### Senegal Elections: When Violence Overshadows Democracy
Last November, Senegal, dressed in political colors, encountered a troubling episode that cast a shadow over its electoral campaign for the 2024 legislative elections. Physical violence that triggered mass arrests and a situation that raises questions about the state of democracy in this country often praised for its stability in West Africa.
#### A charged electoral climate
The incident in Saint-Louis, where 80 people were arrested following violence between traders and members of the security forces of an opposition coalition leader, illustrates the rise in political tensions. Barthélémy Dias, former mayor of Dakar and leader of the opposition coalition Samm Sa Kaddu, finds himself at the heart of these altercations which, according to the authorities, resulted in injuries and acts of vandalism. Scenes of violence that are not foreign to the Senegalese political scene, but which take on a particular resonance in the run-up to crucial elections.
This situation, which saw the High Court of Saint-Louis convict 25 of the 80 accused, raises legitimate questions about the way in which the law is applied in the electoral context. While sanctions have been imposed, the NGO 3D is also demanding accountability for the violence perpetrated by supporters of the ruling party. This double standard in the justice system could have consequences on the perception of the fairness of the electoral process.
#### A legal aspect in an atmosphere of tension
Sentences ranging from three months to three years in prison for charges such as the use of bladed weapons and assault and battery reveal a judicial system that is trying to establish itself as a bulwark against anarchy. However, this fight against violence cannot hide the climate of fear and intimidation that is brewing in the shadows. How can civil society and political actors truly engage in constructive dialogue when mistrust lurks around every corner?
The verdict was welcomed as a step forward by some NGOs, but it is not enough to allay fears. Calls have been made for better judicial monitoring, prompting comparisons with other West African countries where democratic transitions have been hampered by violence that has led to impunity. In Côte d’Ivoire, for example, elections marred by violence led to social divisions that persist to this day..
#### Towards better governance?
The challenge then is that of governance: to what extent can Senegal reaffirm its status as a democratic model in the midst of these violent incidents? The recent clashes are not only the work of individual tensions or partisan rivalries, but reflect a deeper societal malaise. Young people, often in the streets during election periods, feel a pressing need to express themselves and make themselves heard. In search of opportunities and a better future, they sometimes become subject to political manipulation.
The 2024 elections should offer the opportunity to redefine the relations between the State and its citizens. A crucial issue is emerging: the imperative need to establish an inclusive dialogue between all stakeholders. Starting from violence to build a society where every voice counts would be a bold, but necessary, choice.
#### Conclusion: A Road Full of Pitfalls
A year before the legislative elections, Senegal faces a crucial crossroads. The results of the violence in Saint-Louis, although repressed, should not be considered as isolated incidents. They only reveal existing fractures in society. The country must strive to lay the foundations for a more peaceful democratic debate, in an atmosphere where respect for human rights and justice prevail over partisan interests.
The real test for Senegal lies in its ability to turn this painful page of history by promoting a future where violence no longer has a place in the political sphere and where each election will be synonymous with progress, not regression. The wishes of a new political class, the hopes of a youth eager for change, and the strength of civil society are all elements that could help forge a path towards a true and sustainable democracy.