The prison situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo has become tragic, with profound implications for human rights and public security. The Makala Central Prison in Kinshasa is a poignant illustration of the severe crisis facing the Congolese prison system. Designed to accommodate 1,500 inmates, it is now overcrowded, housing between 14,000 and 15,000 prisoners, almost ten times its initial capacity.
The dramatic incident of 2 September highlighted the gravity of the situation. A mass escape attempt triggered violent clashes between inmates and security forces, resulting in the deaths of at least 200 prisoners and the sexual assault of 268 women. These events are symptomatic of a broader crisis affecting the Congolese prison system, according to the UN report presented to the Security Council.
The decongestion measures implemented since September have allowed the release of 3,139 prisoners, including 1,685 suffering from serious illnesses. These initiatives, although commendable, are not enough to resolve the structural challenges of the Congolese prison system. Detention conditions remain deplorable, fueling growing tensions within prisons.
From a reform perspective, the proposal to create a prison intelligence service during the Estates General of Justice in November 2024 is an essential measure. This service could contribute to effectively combating criminal networks operating from prisons and to strengthening the security of prisoners. It is imperative to take concrete measures to improve the living conditions of prisoners and ensure respect for their fundamental rights.
Prison overcrowding in Makala, combined with obsolete infrastructure and a lack of resources, underscore the urgency of a thorough reform of the Congolese prison system. The UN calls for immediate action to prevent further tragedies and ensure respect for international human rights standards. It is time for concerted and determined action to end the prison crisis in the DRC.