In a context marked by rising issues linked to the migration issue in Europe, security policies are taking precedence over reception policies. Since the migration crisis of 2015-2016, the European Union has engaged in a succession of measures aimed at limiting illegal immigration and strengthening border controls. The recent Pact on Migration and Asylum, adopted last May, is a clear illustration of this.
This security shift is partly explained by the terrorist attacks which have shaken Europe in recent years, but also by a rise in populist discourse advocating the closure of borders and the defense of national identity. This development marks a real paradigm shift compared to the first European immigration policies, which emphasized the reception and integration of migrants.
The migrant crisis has deeply divided Europe, between countries ready to welcome and those closed to any form of solidarity. The agreement between the European Union and Turkey in 2016, aimed at returning migrants arriving illegally on the Greek islands, in exchange for financial aid and political concessions, clearly illustrates this logic of closure and externalization of the management of migrants.
This tightening of migration policies raises numerous questions, particularly in terms of respect for human rights, solidarity between Member States and management of migratory flows. If security is a crucial issue, it is essential to find a balance between security imperatives and humanitarian values.
Faced with these challenges, it is necessary to rethink European migration policies to guarantee both the security of citizens and respect for the fundamental rights of migrants. It is also crucial to promote a more inclusive and united vision of immigration, which takes into account the needs of host countries while guaranteeing the protection of the most vulnerable.
Ultimately, the migration issue remains a major challenge for the European Union and its Member States, and requires a global, concerted approach based on values of solidarity, humanity and respect for human rights. Only a balanced migration policy that respects democratic principles will be able to respond to current challenges and preserve the unity and cohesion of the European Union.