The energy transition has become a key issue around the world, and South Africa is no exception. As the world’s seventh largest coal producer, the country relies on this energy source for more than 80% of its power grid, which contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions.
However, a recent investigation by the Mail and Guardian newspaper found that the national electricity company, Eskom, has faced difficulties maintaining the technologies needed to reduce emissions. Delayed investments and system limitations have hampered its ability to maintain and update emissions reduction equipment.
According to Eskom, these technologies helped reduce emissions by 75% between 1982 and 2023. However, due to cash flow problems and investment reductions, the company was unable to provide the necessary maintenance and upgrades, which led to an increase in emissions.
Faced with these challenges, Eskom has embarked on emissions reduction projects at several of its power stations, including Kendal, Lethabo, Tutuka, Kriel, Duvha and Matla. The goal is to complete these projects before March 2025, focusing on restoring the effectiveness of emissions control systems.
Technologies used by Eskom include pulsed jet fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, high frequency power supplies and sulfur dioxide conditioning devices. All of these technologies aim to reduce fine particle emissions.
However, transitioning to cleaner energy sources is essential for South Africa to reduce its environmental impact. According to the country’s integrated energy plan, it is planned to continue burning coal for a few more years. This goes against the recommendations of the Presidential Climate Commission, which believes that emissions from these power plants will prevent South Africa from meeting its clean energy targets.
South Africa is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions as part of the Paris Agreement, signed in 2015. This agreement aims to limit global warming to 1.5°C. To achieve this goal, the country has also committed to a just energy transition, working with international partners to secure equitable financing to phase out the use of coal.
Delay in the energy transition could have serious consequences for public health and the economy. Maintaining coal-fired power plants until 2030 would lead to 15,300 additional deaths linked to air pollution, according to a study by the Center for Energy and Clean Air Research.. Additionally, it could cost the South African economy R721 billion.
It is therefore essential that South Africa accelerates its transition to cleaner energy sources and reduces its dependence on coal. This would preserve the environment and improve public health, while contributing to global efforts to combat climate change.