The Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia is causing serious tensions between the countries bordering the Nile. This pharaonic project, destined to become Africa’s most powerful hydroelectric power station, is located at the source of the Blue Nile, which provides 75% of Egypt’s fresh water supply. While Ethiopia sees this project as an opportunity to double its electricity production and improve the country’s energy coverage, Egypt fears losing control over this vital resource for its agriculture and its population.
The Renaissance Dam, a colossal project
The Renaissance Dam, located in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia, is a large-scale project that mobilizes thousands of workers. With its 5,100 megawatts of power, it will represent a true technological feat and will help meet Ethiopia’s growing energy needs. Currently, two turbines are already in operation, but the project is still far from complete, with an expected completion date of 2027.
The geopolitical issues of the dam
Beyond the technical aspect, the Renaissance Dam raises major geopolitical questions. Indeed, Egypt and Sudan claim a historic right to the waters of the Nile, and consider that any project aimed at modifying the flow of the river endangers their water supply. Ethiopia, for its part, believes that it must be able to benefit from its country’s water resources for its economic and social development.
Unsuccessful negotiations
For several years, the countries bordering the Nile have been trying to find an agreement on the terms of filling and implementing the Renaissance Dam. Unfortunately, the negotiations have not yet been successful, with each country sticking to its positions and interests. The end of January marks the start of a third round of negotiations in Addis Ababa, where hope for a compromise remains.
The importance of finding a solution
Finding common ground is crucial for regional stability and cooperation among countries in the region. Equitable sharing of the Nile’s resources and respect for the rights of each country are essential elements to avoid conflicts in the short and long term.
In conclusion, the Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia represents a major project which benefits the economic development of the country, but which also raises concerns among the countries bordering the Nile, in particular Egypt. The next negotiations will be crucial to find a balanced agreement and preserve the interests of all actors involved.