Since the publication of videos showing columns of white smoke during bombings in Gaza, allegations regarding the use of white phosphorus by the Israeli army have been the subject of heated controversy. While the Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International associations accuse the Israeli army of having used this incendiary weapon, the Israeli authorities categorically deny these accusations.
But what is white phosphorus and what are the rules governing its use in war? White phosphorus is an incendiary agent that reacts violently with oxygen, burning at extremely high temperatures and can cause unbearable burns. It is often used as a smoke screen to hide troop movements on the battlefield. However, its use in populated areas is considered illegal under international law.
The consequences of using white phosphorus are devastating. The fires it causes are extremely difficult to control and the burns it inflicts can cause irreversible damage. Its corrosive smoke can also cause burns to the eyes and skin. These effects are of particular concern when white phosphorus is used in densely populated areas like Gaza, endangering the lives of civilians.
The use of white phosphorus by military forces is authorized when targeting legitimate military targets. However, respect for the principles of proportionality and distinction is essential. This means that attacks must be proportionate to the military objective sought and that it is imperative to distinguish combatants from civilians in order to keep civilian casualties to a minimum.
If the accusations of the use of white phosphorus by the Israeli army in Gaza are proven, it would be a flagrant violation of international humanitarian law. NGOs continue to call for transparent and independent investigations to shed light on these allegations and ensure that those responsible are held to account.
Regardless, it is important to remember that civilian populations are the most affected during armed conflicts and that the protection of these populations must be an absolute priority. Thus, the issue of the use of white phosphorus and other incendiary weapons must be closely studied in order to prevent further human suffering and ensure compliance with the norms of international law.