The challenges of regional integration in East Africa: the case of the free movement of people
Regional integration in East Africa is a major objective for the economic and social development of the region. In this perspective, the free movement of people plays a crucial role. However, despite the progress made by some East African Community (EAC) countries, challenges remain, as evidenced by the recent decision by Kenya and Tanzania to lift visa requirements for citizens of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), while Uganda still maintains visa requirements for Congolese.
The lifting of the visa requirement between Kenya, Tanzania and the DRC is a significant step towards greater regional integration. It is consistent with the provisions of the EAC Common Market Protocol, which provides for the free movement of people and workers across the region. This measure will facilitate trade and strengthen the well-being of EAC citizens.
However, Uganda’s cautious stance raises questions. While all EAC member states are committed to facilitating free movement, Uganda maintains visa requirements for Congolese. Several factors can explain this attitude. First, security concerns. Uganda shares a border with eastern DRC, a volatile region controlled by armed groups. Kampala fears the visa waiver could facilitate uncontrolled cross-border movements, which could threaten the region’s security.
Then, migratory pressure is another element to take into account. Uganda, as a dynamic economy in the region, already attracts large numbers of Congolese migrants. Easing access without controls would likely increase migration, requiring additional investment in public services to meet the growing needs of the population.
Finally, Uganda can use the visa issue as leverage in regional negotiations. By maintaining this requirement, Kampala can seek concessions from the DRC and other EAC member states in exchange for a possible lifting of visa restrictions.
However, to realize the ambitions of a true common market in East Africa, it is essential that Uganda joins Kenya and Tanzania in lifting the visa requirement for DRC citizens, in line with the principles of free movement established by the EAC. Reciprocity is essential to ensure harmonious and egalitarian regional integration.
In conclusion, if regional integration in East Africa is a priority, the free movement of people and the lifting of visa restrictions are crucial issues.. Although progress has been made with the decision of Kenya and Tanzania, Uganda must also embark on this path to ensure real integration and strengthen the economic and social dynamism of the region. This requires increased cooperation among EAC member countries and joint efforts to overcome political, security and economic challenges related to the free movement of people.