The debate on the compatibility between Western democracy and African traditions continues to divide opinions. Recently, the speech of Colonel Mamadi Doumbouya, head of the transition in Guinea, revived this controversy. Some argue that Western-imposed democracy does not suit Africa’s cultural and political specificities, while others argue that the problem lies more in the failure to respect democratic principles than in their intrinsic nature.
The accusation that Western democracy is imposed on African countries without regard to their traditions is often made, but rarely substantiated. Defenders of this position generally fail to specify which democratic values would be incompatible with African societies, and which specific traditions would be ignored. Furthermore, they often downplay the diversity of political systems both in the West and in Africa. African countries such as Botswana, Mauritius and Cape Verde have adopted democratic principles and are experiencing significant political stability, peace and development, calling into question the assertion that democracy is not adapted to Africa.
It should also be remembered that Guinea’s political history is dominated by authoritarian regimes, both civil and military. The fact that neither Sékou Touré, nor Lansana Conté, nor even Alpha Condé, who campaigned for democracy, respected democratic principles, clearly shows that the country’s failures cannot be attributed to democracy in itself. -even. It is inconsistent to claim that constitutional manipulation, corruption and fraudulent elections are the causes of coups, while blaming democracy. In reality, these practices are a negation of democratic principles and the rule of law.
It is obvious that democracy is not the problem in Africa, but rather the lack of respect for democratic principles and institutions of counter-power. The politicization of institutions, endemic corruption and the weakening of justice are all practices that undermine democracy and create conditions conducive to coups. Changing the political model will not solve these problems if democratic principles are not respected.
However, it is undeniable that there are limitations in the policy models adopted by French-speaking African countries, and ambitious reforms are needed to address these shortcomings. It is essential to reduce excessive concentration and centralization of power, promote collegial decision-making and limit appointments to key positions in the civil service. Civic education, financing of political activities and the independence of constitutional courts must also be taken seriously. Finally, the ethnic and cultural diversity of African countries should be valued and independent institutions dedicated to this cause could be created.
It is time to adopt a pragmatic and ambitious approach to strengthening democracy in Africa. Respect for democratic principles, combined with political reforms adapted to African realities, will make it possible to build stable, prosperous societies anchored in respect for the common good. It is time to move away from the sterile debate on the compatibility of Western democracy with African traditions, to focus on the real improvements to be made to existing political systems.
Let us continue this crucial dialogue for a democratic and prosperous Africa.