Democracy in Africa: an issue of traditions and political models
Recent news has highlighted the debates around democracy in Africa, particularly following Colonel Mamadi Doumbouya’s speech at the United Nations General Assembly. In his remarks, he questions the Western democratic model imposed on African countries, highlighting the importance of African traditions in governance. This position has sparked lively debates and questions about the relevance of the democratic system in Africa.
It is undeniable that Western democracy has been adopted as a political model in many African countries, following decolonization processes. However, this adoption has not always been accompanied by a real understanding of the fundamental principles and values of democracy. Many African leaders have used the democratic system opportunistically, manipulating laws and institutions to maintain their power.
It is essential to emphasize that democracy cannot be reduced to a single, uniform model. Western countries themselves present a diversity of political systems, proof that democracy can adapt to different cultural and historical realities. African countries such as Botswana, Mauritius and Cape Verde have succeeded in establishing and respecting democratic principles, while experiencing political stability and significant development.
It is therefore simplistic and reductive to blame democracy for all the ills encountered in Africa. Rather, it is the repeated attacks on democratic principles that have weakened institutions and created conditions conducive to coups. Constitutional manipulations, electoral fraud, widespread corruption are all practices that undermine the foundations of democracy.
Rather than rejecting democracy altogether, it is necessary to initiate ambitious reforms to strengthen political regimes in Africa. We must fight against the hyper-concentration of power, promote collegiality in decision-making, and regulate appointments to key positions in public administration. We must also invest in civic education, regulate the financing of political activities, and guarantee the independence of legal institutions.
Ultimately, it is essential to build peaceful and productive societies in Africa, anchored in respect for the common good. This requires a pragmatic approach, which takes into account the cultural and historical specificities of each country. Democracy can and must be adapted to meet the needs and aspirations of African societies, while preserving the fundamental values of freedom, equality and accountability. This is a daunting challenge, but it is essential to ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for Africa.