** The silent impact of war in Ukraine on African agriculture: a reflection beyond the prices of fertilizers **
Three years ago, the start of the conflict in Ukraine caused a shock wave on agricultural markets around the world. Although the immediate impact was particularly visible in Europe and North America, the repercussions have had devastating effects on the African continent, often outside the ramp fires. The war does not only concern the front lines and armed confrontations; It also proved to be a transformation catalyst – sometimes harmful – of African agricultural systems.
### An environment of dependence
Africa, with countries like South Africa, Nigeria and Egypt, has traditionally been dependent on imported fertilizers, in particular those from Russia. This context raises a crucial question: to what extent are the supply chains vulnerable in the face of geopolitical events? According to Mounir Halim, CEO of Afriqom, the absence of robust alternative solutions in fertilizer supply leads to systemic fragility. The dependence on European banks for the transfer of funds to Russian traders has been highlighted by the impossibility of carrying out transactions, which has undermined the food security of African states.
### Price fluctuation: a mirror of regional challenges
Although fertilizer prices have experienced a certain stabilization, reality remains worrying. The initial increases of 400 % show how sensitive markets can be sensitive to external shocks. Currently, with prices oscillating between 400 and $ 600 per tonne, the continent faces even deeper consequences than we might think. FAO data reveals that the increase in fertilizer costs has led to a 20 % reduction in African imports in 2024, illustrating a strategic withdrawal of nations which must juggle between the need for fertilization of their land and their capacity for financing.
### A reflection on empowerment
This crisis could also offer an opportunity to rethink agricultural and supply models in Africa. In search of lasting solutions, countries like Ethiopia and Kenya turn to agroecological approaches and the promotion of local organic fertilizers. The initiative of importing fertilizer production techniques from culture and composting residues could become an innovation model insofar as it strengthens farmers’ resilience to global market fluctuations.
A comparative analysis between Africa and other regions could highlight how different economies have managed the fertilizer crisis. Let us take the example of India, which has invested massively in research and development to design alternative solutions, reducing its own dependence on imports. If Africa fails to follow this path, it risks undergoing repercussions not only on its agricultural productivity but also on its long -term economic development.
### Political response and regional cohesion
To deal with this crisis, the continent needs concerted political initiatives. African countries must collaborate to create regional response mechanisms in the face of fertilizer shortages. The establishment of emergency funds not only for the importation of fertilizers, but also for the development of new agricultural technologies could serve as a solid basis for strengthening resilience in the face of future crises.
The coalition for sustainable agriculture in Africa, recently launched, could be an excellent starting point for establishing clear guidelines and funding for those who engage in more sustainable practices.
### Conclusion
While the noise of war in Ukraine continues to resonate through continents, its lessons exceed discussions on fertilizer prices. They highlight the importance of turning to more autonomous agricultural systems, investing in local solutions and showing regional solidarity. Africa must seize this chance to transform challenges into opportunities, thus building a more resilient, less dependent and more sustainable future for its agriculture. The changing changes could redefine not only the continent’s agricultural landscape, but also its role in the world economy.