### Review of Diplomatic-African Relations: Ghana and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
The world of international relations is in a state of perpetual flux, and Ghana’s recent decision to suspend diplomatic ties with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) on January 6 has revealed underlying dynamics in the country’s foreign policy. This rupture, which occurred on the eve of the inauguration of the new President John Dramani Mahama, not only calls into question Ghana’s historical orientations, but also raises questions about the geopolitical position of West Africa in the face of regional conflicts, particularly that of Western Sahara.
#### Historical Context
Ghana has been a staunch supporter of the Polisario Front and the SADR since 1979, recognizing their quest for self-determination against Moroccan occupation. This support is part of a broader historical framework of pan-African engagement, where countries like Ghana have long defended the right of peoples to self-determination. Support for SADR was therefore consistent with a broader vision of emancipation of African nations and the affirmation of a continental identity in the face of the vestiges of colonialism.
However, this recent decision suggests a strategic shift. Interestingly, Ghana, under President Nana Akufo-Addo, has opened up to more diverse partnerships, potentially aligning its agenda with countries like Morocco, which is seeking to assert its sovereignty over Western Sahara. This shift could reflect a desire to benefit from the economic development that Morocco offers its neighbors, through initiatives such as the New African Development Model.
#### Economic and Regional Implications
The suspension of relations with SADR raises questions not only about the political dynamics, but also about the economic impact that this decision could have on Ghana. Indeed, Morocco is a key player in terms of investments in Africa. For example, the Cherifian kingdom has invested massively in the agriculture, infrastructure and energy sectors in West Africa. In 2020, trade between Morocco and African countries exceeded $3.5 billion, with a sharp increase in investments, particularly in Ghana. Ghana’s recognition of Morocco’s development efforts could also attract additional investment flows.
#### A Turning Point in African Diplomacy
Ghana’s change of direction is part of a broader movement observed in contemporary African diplomacy. Countries that supported the Polisario Front seem to be reassessing their positions. In 2021, South Africa, a staunch supporter of SADR, also initiated dialogues with Morocco, suggesting a willingness to optimize relations to meet current economic and strategic realities.
Africa, historically marked by sovereignty disputes and independence movements, is now faced with pragmatic choices. The situation in Ukraine and global geopolitical tensions are prompting African nations to focus on their immediate economic interests. For example, Ghana may be moving away from the ideals of pan-African solidarity in favor of a strategy more focused on economic growth and development.
#### Conclusion
Finally, Ghana’s decision to suspend diplomatic relations with SADR not only represents a political turnaround, but also underscores a profound transformation in international relations in Africa. This pivot could prompt other countries to reassess their alliances, to make choices based not only on historical principles, but also on contemporary economic realities. As this decision shows, diplomacy is a complex exercise, a delicate balancing act between ideals and strategic interests, and African countries, while seeking to assert their sovereignty, must now navigate a world where pragmatism often seems to trump historical loyalty. The coming months and years will show whether this approach will benefit Ghana, or whether it will lead to unintended consequences regionally and internationally.