The emergence of the Alliance of Sahel States marked a major turning point in the regional dynamics of West Africa. Indeed, in January 2024, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger officially announced the creation of this alliance, symbolizing their exit from ECOWAS and strengthening their united front on security and economic growth. This ambitious move immediately attracted attention and questions within the international community, as the region was facing multiple and complex challenges.
One of the first concrete steps of the Alliance of Sahel States was the announcement, in March 2024, of the establishment of a joint military force to counter the growing threat of jihadist groups. The attacks in Bamako, Barsalogho and Tillabéri were a cruel reminder of the urgency of the security situation in the region and the need for a coordinated and determined response.
Alongside this security dimension, the Sahel Alliance has also taken steps to strengthen its economic base and resilience in the face of ongoing challenges. Despite its withdrawal from ECOWAS, it remained a member of UEMOA in order to limit negative economic impacts. In November, the elimination of roaming charges was announced, thus promoting better connectivity between member states and strengthening economic ties within the alliance.
The region’s external relations have also evolved significantly. The departure of US troops from Chad in April 2024, followed by their complete withdrawal from Niger in September of the same year, marked a change in the foreign military presence in the region. At the same time, Chad ended its defense cooperation with France in November, illustrating an ongoing geopolitical repositioning.
Regarding regional development, the first meeting of the Sahel Alliance Summit in July saw the launch of several ambitious initiatives, such as a biometric passport and an investment bank. A stabilization fund has also been established to support major regional projects.
Faced with the complexity of security, geopolitical and economic challenges, the Alliance of Sahel States has demonstrated a certain resilience and a remarkable capacity for adaptation. As 2024 draws to a close, the question of whether this united front will bring lasting change to the region remains unanswered and is legitimately attracting the attention of the international community.
This alliance, by refocusing its priorities towards common security and prosperity, could pave the way for an era of enhanced cooperation and increased stability in a region often tormented by conflicts and challengesThe coming year will be crucial to assess the concrete impact of this innovative initiative and to consider its long-term potential in the African regional landscape.