Title: The uncertain future of the G5 Sahel: an anti-jihadist force in search of effectiveness
Introduction :
Since its creation in 2014, the G5 Sahel, bringing together the countries of Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad, has faced numerous challenges in its fight against terrorism. Recent withdrawals from Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso highlight the difficulties the organization faces. In this article, we will examine the reasons for these departures and the future prospects of the G5 Sahel.
Departures highlighting a “sovereignist” turning point:
The withdrawal from Mali in May 2022 opened the way for departures from Niger and Burkina Faso. These three countries recently signed the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), a mutual defense pact which strengthens their military partnership and marks a turning point towards a more sovereignist approach. This choice calls into question the presence of Western partners, including France, engaged alongside the G5 Sahel since its creation.
The challenges faced by the G5 Sahel:
Despite the efforts made by the G5 Sahel since its creation, the organization is struggling to obtain concrete results on the ground. The establishment of the joint force in 2017, financed largely by the European Union, was supposed to strengthen the anti-jihadist fight, but it encountered operational difficulties. Divergences among member countries over security priorities and fears of foreign interference have also hampered coordination and joint action.
Tensions with Western partners:
In addition to internal difficulties, the G5 Sahel has also expressed frustrations with its international partners. Delays in the provision of promised funds and criticism of the lack of solidarity from the international community have cast a shadow over cooperation with Western countries. To ensure the viability and autonomy of the joint force, long-term funding is necessary, but this financial support is slow to materialize.
Future prospects :
With three member countries having chosen to withdraw from the G5 Sahel, the future of the organization is uncertain. However, this could be an opportunity to rethink and revitalize regional cooperation in the fight against jihadism. Reflection on the coordination of security priorities, better communication and strengthened collaboration with Western partners could be avenues to explore.
Conclusion :
The withdrawal of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso from the G5 Sahel highlights the challenges the organization faces in its fight against terrorism. Internal differences, tensions with Western partners and the need for sustainable funding are all problems to be resolved to guarantee the effectiveness of the joint force.. It is necessary to engage in reflection on the future of the G5 Sahel in order to strengthen security in the region and find lasting solutions to the security challenges it faces.