The evolution of the French language in Mauritius: between resistance and linguistic mixing
In Mauritius, the French language occupies a special place in the linguistic landscape. Despite the long British presence, French has been able to resist and retains great vitality. According to the International Organization of La Francophonie (OIF), French is today spoken by three-quarters of the Mauritian population.
This situation is partly explained by the colonial history of the island. For almost a century, Mauritius was colonized by the French, who left a significant linguistic imprint. Even after the capitulation to the English in 1810, the language of Molière continued to be practiced and taught on the island.
Today, French is widely used in Mauritian business and educational circles. It is considered a prestigious language and its use is valued. For example, during a press conference, it is common to hear speakers speaking French, even if they have an English-speaking academic background.
However, multilingualism is an integral part of Mauritian identity. Alongside French, we find English, the official language of Parliament and the administration, as well as Creole, the mother tongue spoken by the majority of Mauritians. These three languages coexist and influence each other, thus creating a true linguistic mix.
The use of English terms in Mauritian French is common, particularly in the media. These borrowings, often called “false friends”, help avoid ambiguities and make the language more fluid. For example, we speak of “major progress” in the territorial dispute between Mauritius and the United Kingdom using the term “breakthrough”, which is understood by everyone.
This linguistic mix is perceived by many Mauritians as a wealth and an openness. It bears witness to the cultural diversity of the island, where populations of Indian, African, European and Chinese origins rub shoulders. French is thus a reflection of this multicultural society and makes it possible to bring together different communities around a common language.
Despite the influence of English, French remains a living language in Mauritius. It is taught in schools and universities, and many Mauritians are proud of their mastery of the language of Molière. However, it is important to emphasize that this mastery is often associated with oral practice and that in writing, anglicisms and creolisms enrich Mauritian French.
In conclusion, the French language occupies a predominant place in Mauritius, despite the presence of English and Creole. This vitality can be explained by the colonial history of the island and by the linguistic mix which characterizes Mauritian society. French is seen as a prestigious and valued language, even if its use is influenced by English.