** Title: The AFC-M23 closure operation in Goma: between security and human rights violations **
Since last weekend, the AFC-M23 rebels have launched a series of closure operations in Goma and in the locality of Saké, North Kivu, in the Democratic Republic of Congo. These actions are presented as a response to increasing insecurity that strikes the region, marked by an alarming frequency of assassinations, robberies and kidnappings. In this apparent quest to restore order, AFC-M23 claims the arrest of nearly 300 people in three days, including Congolese soldiers and alleged members of the FDLR group. However, this dynamic raises deep questions concerning the legitimacy of the methods used and the impact on human rights.
### The insecurity context
The province of North Kivu, plagued by armed conflicts for several decades, is often considered as an epicenter of violence and instability in the DRC. There are many armed actors, all with various motivations, ranging from control of natural resources to broader political dynamics. The last months have seen an increase in violence, clashes between various armed groups, and a direct impact on civilians. The population, tired by this climate of fear, aspires to concrete solutions to ensure its safety.
### Operation objectives and criticisms
AFC-M23 argues that its operation aims to disarm the holders of firearms and take measures against the disturbing elements of peace. However, critical voices are among civil society organizations, denouncing what they call an indiscriminate “manhunt”. Stewart Muhindo, member of the Lucha movement, denounces arrests often without legal basis, raising ethical questions on the line of conduct of AFC-M23.
These concerns echo international standards for human rights, which stipulate that arrests must be based on evidence and respond to strict legal procedures. The use of force to maintain security should not result in systematic violations of the fundamental rights of individuals.
### Safety dilemmas
It is important to underline the dilemma facing AFC-M23. On the one hand, it must meet an pressing demand for population security, particularly in the face of an existing threat. On the other hand, it is required to respect human rights and avoid abuses that could exacerbate the distrust of the population towards it. The temptation to set up a peacekeeper can quickly derive in violence and abuse, as shown by many experiences around the world.
### to a lasting solution
To get out of this spiral of violence, a constructive dialogue between all stakeholders is essential. The Congolese authorities and the AFC-M23 must consider alternative roads of disengagement and reconciliation. This could include discussions carried out by neutral actors and mechanisms for controlling violence, as well as community initiatives aimed at strengthening confidence in security institutions.
In addition, the active participation of civil society in the decision -making process is crucial. This would make it possible to ensure that the voices of citizens, often the most affected by violence, are heard and taken into account in the construction of security solutions.
### Conclusion
The closure operation carried out by AFC-M23 raises delicate questions about security, human rights and the effectiveness of the strategies used. Faced with growing insecurity, the need for a balanced and human rights approach is more relevant than ever. A security response that does not take into account fundamental rights can only increase the situation. The population of North Kivu deserves reinforced security, but also the protection of its rights, an imperative which should guide the actions of the authorities in place, whether civil or military.