** The expansion of jihadist activities in the Kayes region: an alarming awakening **
In an already weakened geopolitical context, the report recently published by the Timbuktu Institute raises major concerns concerning the extension of jihadist activities, mainly those of the JNIM group (support group for Islam and Muslims). Between 2021 and 2024, this expansion of violence particularly marked the Kayes region, a strategic area which is at the crossroads of three countries: Mali, Mauritania and Senegal.
### A rise in power of attacks
The report highlights an exponential increase in the attacks by JNIM, which would have been multiplied by seven in the past three years. Such a rise in power raises crucial questions: what are the underlying causes? How does this group manage to take advantage of local, political and socio-economic dynamics?
Jihadist activities are not limited to a single country. The expansion of JNIM beyond the Malian borders towards the eastern Senegal indicates a desire for infiltration and involvement in the region, thus increasing tensions and concerns about security. It is essential to dissect this phenomenon to better understand the mechanisms that nourish it.
### A complex environment
Kayes, with his strategic position, is no stranger to isolated violence. However, it should be noted that the Kayes tri-border is also a reflection of chronic instability that strike the Sahel. Neighboring countries, notably Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, were struck by a desertification of states and a rise in radical extremism. These conditions create a fertile soil for armed groups such as JNIM, with a recent foray into Benin which attests to the domino effect that this can generate.
### The challenges of security and cooperation
Faced with such a threat, what solutions can be considered? A first reflection could concern the need for reinforced international and regional cooperation. Should the region’s security institutions review their strategies to better face this type of insurrection, which requires a military and social approach?
Historical experience shows that short -term military interventions, although, are not enough to eradicate the roots of extremism. A constructive dialogue with local communities could offer a precious alternative to gain their confidence and collect information on jihadist movements.
### towards a holistic response
The Timbuktu Institute report recalls that the security challenge requires a more holistic approach, taking into account the socio-economic and political dimensions of the region. The regions affected by JNIM are often marginalized areas, with limited access to education, employment and basic services. The intensification of efforts to improve living conditions, promoting education, and allowing economic inclusion could serve as a bulwark against extremism.
It is imperative that political decisions are guided by an in -depth understanding of local dynamics. Groups that fight for social or economic causes can often be diverted by extreme ideologies when their basic needs remain dissatisfied.
### Conclusion: collective vigilance
In conclusion, the alarming increase in jihadist activities in the Kayes region is an alarm signal not only for the countries concerned, but for the entire international community. The combination of an effective security response and community development programs could offer a path to reduce the influence of groups such as JNIM.
Faced with such complex challenges, it clearly appears that the fight against extremism will only be successful if it is carried out in a framework of regional solidarity and empathy towards the needs of local populations. What can we do to contribute to a global solution of the challenges that this region poses? The question deserves to be asked, and discussions must intensify to build a safer and more stable future.