** Syria: towards a reconciliation or a final fracture? **
In a country where the fracture lines are redrawing day by day, the call to national unit launched by interim president Ahmad al-Sharaa can arouse a glimmer of hope in the midst of increasing tensions. However, the recent violence, which made more than 311 victims in just a few days, underline the complexity of the Syrian table, a territory with multiple identities which fights to find a common base.
### A historical dimension
By diving into the recent past of Syria, it is essential to consider the consequences of decades of authoritarian regime. Bashar al-Assad, which has directed the country with an iron fist since 2000, has maintained a system based on a strong repression of dissidents, a favoritism policy towards the Alawite minority, and a sectarian chessboard used as a control tool. This helped polarize the Syrian society, making any attempt at reconciliation even more difficult.
### Sectarianism: a persistent issue
The sectarian dimension of the Syrian war is a central factor in climbing violence. Conflicts between the Sunni communities, which represent the majority of the population, and the Alawites are both an inheritance of history and an exacerbation moderate by the struggle for political and territorial survival. The extreme violence of these clashes makes Syria fears that Syria is not going towards peaceful reconciliation, but rather towards an interminable cycle of revenge and reprisals.
### Statistics as revealing
The data provided by the Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), although independent, shed light on the horrible reality of the current situation. The 164 civilians killed by government forces, including a tragically high number of children and women, are not only figures: they testify to systemic brutality and catastrophic de -escalation of what could be attempts at peace. Comparedly, the 147 people killed by Loyalist militants of Assad also reveal that violence is now dotted not only with arbitrary, but also a struggle for power sometimes avatar of historical loyalty.
## Complete crisis management
Beyond the military aspect, the management of this crisis requires a humanitarian and social approach. Armed groups who have taken over many regions must be considered not only as opponents of the regime, but also as actors of civil society who require a change. The way in which the interim government, under the leadership of Al-Sharaa, chooses to dialogue with these disillusioned groups can determine the future of Syria. A strategy based on reconciliation and commitment could mitigate some of the tensions, but would require a radical change in the perception of loyalists by reform actors.
### the shadow of the past
In light of recent events, it would not be inappropriate to compare the current situation to other conflicts that have gone through similar dynamics, such as ex-Yugoslavia or Iraq. In these contexts, peace processes have really emerged, but often after waves of incredible violence. It is always possible that Syria finds a path to a more peaceful future, but this will require a substantial political will and a long -term commitment to establish democratic institutions.
### to an uncertain future
While Hmad Al-Sharaa calls for peace and national unity, it seems that the challenges far exceed aspirations. The recent revival of violence illustrates a deeply rooted fracture, revealing that the path to reconciliation in Syria is strewn with pitfalls. To rebuild this devastated nation, all actors must engage in a sincere and constructive dialogue, otherwise the country would risk plunging again into chaos. The struggle for identity and governance in Syria has only just begun, and calls to unity must result in concrete actions to avoid a final collapse.