The enlargement of the BRICS group raises many questions and expectations, particularly on the part of the candidate African countries. Among these countries, Egypt and Algeria have already expressed their desire to join the BRICS, thus joining South Africa, which has been a member since 2010. The challenges of potential membership for these countries are multiple, whether whether in terms of financing, opening up markets or strengthening their position on the international scene.
At the 15th BRICS summit held in Johannesburg, China emerged as the most important country in the group. However, it is interesting to note that China is currently going through an economic crisis and is seeking to revise its export-oriented development strategy. This could have consequences for the conditions of loans granted to African countries, which should change in the future. Thus, expectations vis-à-vis China are certainly marked by this change in its economic model.
As for India, it is considered the rising power among the Brics. India shows a strong interest in expanding into Africa and already accounts for a significant share of trade with the continent. In the case of Brazil, under Lula’s presidency, the country is trying to catch up and strengthen its relations with Africa. However, it is important to note that these relationships have not changed significantly in recent years. Finally, Russia, although it issues numerous declarations, is limited in its resources and is facing major economic difficulties.
As for the candidate African countries, joining the BRICS responds to a geopolitical context marked by global polarization. These countries want to distance themselves from the experience of the Cold War and show their independence vis-à-vis the major international powers. They seek to establish new alliances and to play a more active role on the international scene. The BRICS therefore represent an opportunity for these countries to strengthen their position and diversify their economic and political partners.
For the Brics, the interest of welcoming new African members lies in the economic and demographic potential of the continent. Africa indeed plays a key role in the energy transition and is home to strategic mineral resources. Moreover, its dynamic youth is a source of creativity and innovation. The Brics therefore see Africa as a privileged partner for the future, both economically and geopolitically.
In conclusion, the enlargement of the BRICS and the possible membership of African countries raise many economic, political and geopolitical issues. Both on the side of the candidate countries and the BRICS, there are specific expectations and a desire to strengthen bilateral relations.