HIV prevention has evolved significantly in recent years, from using condoms or abstaining from sex to taking medications such as pills, injections and vaginal rings to block the virus. However, despite the availability of these drugs, their use remains low.
Researchers found that to increase the use of HIV prevention medications, it is necessary to address the stigma associated with these treatments. Indeed, these medications are often perceived to be intended only for populations at high risk of infection, such as sex workers, transgender women, and men who have sex with men. It is therefore important to remember that these medications are intended for anyone wishing to reduce their chances of being infected with HIV.
Several HIV prevention medication options are currently available. First there is the daily pill, which contains two antiretroviral drugs. When taken every day, it reduces the risk of HIV infection during sexual intercourse to virtually zero. Then there’s the vaginal ring, made of silicone and infused with an antiviral drug called dapivirine. Inserted into the vagina, the ring slowly releases medication over 28 to 30 days, providing protection against HIV. Finally, there is the injection, which must be administered into the gluteal muscle every two months by a healthcare professional. This option provides continued protection against HIV.
Currently, only the tablet is distributed by the Ministry of Health, while the vaginal ring is still the subject of implementation trials. Although the pill appears to be more effective than the ring, choosing between these two options depends on individual preferences. Some may prefer to take a tablet daily, while others may prefer to use a vaginal ring which does not have systemic side effects.
Clinical trials have also shown that the injection is more effective than the pill. Implementation studies will be carried out in South Africa to determine whether people are ready to use this method. These studies will allow us to better understand the actual experience of users in real-world conditions, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each option.
In conclusion, HIV prevention has been revolutionized by the introduction of new drugs. However, to maximize their use, it is essential to combat the stigma associated with these treatments. By providing more choice, researchers hope to increase the uptake of these drugs and thus reduce the spread of HIV.