** Conflict to Lubutu: An analysis of clashes between Wazalendo groups and security issues in the province of Maniema **
On April 8, 2025, the precarious calm of Lubutu, in the province of Maniema, was disturbed by clashes between two self -proclaimed armed factions “Wazalendo”, led by generals Bukuyi and Mando. These violence, marked by heavy and light weapons fire, give off disturbing echoes of a climate of insecurity that reigns in the region. Beyond the simple rivalries between armed groups, these events raise crucial questions about the deep roots of the conflict and the potential resolution ways.
** i. The roots of the Wazalendo conflict: a mirror of local tensions **
The name “Wazalendo”, often used by self-defense or protection groups, hides more complex issues. These training courses, observers, are often made up of young men from marginalized communities, frustrated by the absence of access to the resources and the authority of the State. Taking root in a breeding ground for impunity, economic inactivity and ineffectiveness of the security forces, these armed groups, while posing as defenders of the rights of their communities, easily switch to violence as a response to their demands.
The recent incident of April 2, where members of Wazalendo attacked merchants in retaliation for the seizure of a motorcycle, illustrates this rampage spiral well. The link between the incident and the armed confrontations on Tuesday, April 8 is not trivial: this is a crumbling start of a semblance of order which had been temporarily established in a region where the authority of the State remains widely disputed.
** II. The social and economic implications of violence **
Psychosis reigns supreme in Lubutu after these clashes. Traders, fearing for their safety, close shops and markets, which, in the long term, could exacerbate the already lively economic crisis in the region. In addition, the diversity of local negotiating, ranging from crafts to agriculture, is quickly destroyed by such events. In two days, losses require not only an economic analysis of the situation, but also a collective awareness of the economic consequences of such violence.
In addition, civil society calls for the cantonment of the Wazalendo, emphasizing an often neglected aspect of armed conflicts: the need for an inclusive dialogue. What to do when self-proclaimed groups compete with the authority established for the control of the local sector? The answer perhaps lies in the need for a mediation framework that invites all stakeholders-government, armed groups, civil society-to discuss possible solutions.
** III. Towards a global security approach: the role of the State and the international community **
Administrative and military authorities, although observation, must be called upon to react quickly to this emergency situation. The challenge consists in establishing a balance of power which is not only military, but which would also offer social and economic solutions to underlying crises. External interventions, whether diplomatic or humanitarian, should also be envisaged to help rebuild trust and stability in the Maniema region.
The international community, in particular human rights organizations and development agencies, could play a central role in supporting these initiatives. By adopting a preventive approach and engaging in the development of local infrastructure and economic development programs, we could potentially stem the rise in violence and clashes between groups.
** Conclusion: for lasting peace in Lubutu and beyond **
The events of April 8, 2025 in Lubutu are only a chapter in the tumultuous history of the Province of Maniema, but they poignantly illustrate the complex challenges that arise in terms of security, economy and social relations. It is imperative that the region – with the support of the state and the international community – put forward strategies which focus on fraternity and reconciliation, rather than on repression and division. The solution to this conflict will not be simple, but it requires a collective commitment to a more peaceful future for all the inhabitants of this province in the grip of endless struggles.
Fatshimetrie.org will continue to follow the developments in this complex situation with particular attention, seeking to feed the debate on the paths towards solidarity and peace in the region.