### The talks between the Congolese government and the M23: a glimmer of hope or a diplomatic mirage?
April 9, 2025 was marked with a white stone on the calendar of diplomatic relations in Central Africa, while the Congolese government and the rebel M23 movement, supported by Rwanda, are preparing to start direct talks in Doha, Qatar. This could constitute a turning point in a conflict that has deeply shaken the Eastern Region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for decades.
### A chronic conflict: the roots of instability
Instability east of the DRC is due to an explosive cocktail of historical, economic and political factors. On the one hand, the region is full of precious resources, ranging from minerals to natural riches, attracting lusts and conflicts of interest. On the other hand, ethnic tensions and geopolitical rivalries between the DRC and its neighbors, in particular Rwanda, exacerbate this volatile situation.
Groups like the M23 emerge from these tumults, often accused of representing not only local interests, but also regional ambitions, especially those of Kigali. Recent history, which has seen the M23 capture strategic cities like Goma and Bukavu, is part of a long series of conflicts where victims are mainly civilians, of which thousands have been killed or moved.
### Daha talks: between specificities and issues
The meeting in Doha is of capital importance for several reasons. It represents the first opportunity for a long time when the two parties will be able to discuss face to face. If we look at similar historical precedents in other regions, such as peace accords in Colombia or negotiations between Israel and Palestine, it is crucial to understand that such exchanges are often long, complex and sown with pitfalls.
Qatar, as a mediator, brings unique expertise to these talks. The country has established itself as a key player in various regional crises, using its discreet but effective diplomacy to facilitate dialogues between belligerents. However, it is important to ask the question: is Qatar really able to influence the dynamics of regional power between Kinshasa and Kigali, or is it simply perceived as a passive mediator, without real influence on the interests at stake?
Besides, statistics are worrying. According to UN reports, more than 5 million Congolese have been moved over the past two decades, and millions have lived in alarming conditions, exacerbated by food insecurity linked to conflicts. These figures illustrate how vital it is that Doha’s talks lead to a real and tangible agreement.
### back of past negotiations
Historically, negotiations between the Congolese government and armed groups have often been ephemeral or have not led due to misunderstandings, unrealistic requirements or withdrawal from certain parts. The recent example of the talks canceled in Luanda, following the EU sanctions imposed on the M23, highlights the volatility of the situation. These precedents should encourage both parties to approach discussions with an increased level of seriousness, while remaining aware of the political and economic implications that would result from it.
#### to a new regional diplomacy
The issues far exceed the bilateral framework. The outcome of these talks could redefine the relations between the DRC and its neighbors, with consequences on regional dynamics. In this sense, the involvement of other regional and international powers such as SADC (Southern African Development Community) or the African Union could be essential to guarantee adequate monitoring of any agreements.
With this in mind, these talks are also an opportunity for President Félix Tshisekedi to lay foundations for proactive diplomacy, capable of strengthening the sovereignty of the DRC while engaging in dialogue with its neighbors. The challenges are numerous, but the benefits of lasting peace, both in terms of local and international, could transform the perception and the future of the region.
#### Conclusion: a bet on the future
The meeting of April 9 could be a first step towards a resolution of the conflict, but it requires a sincere commitment of both parties. The integrity of negotiations and the desire to build sustainable peace will depend on the capacity of leaders to overcome their own interests in favor of a better future for the Congolese population, heavily affected by decades of war.
It remains to be hoped that Doha’s context is pushing for reflection and action. While the world looks at, it is imperative that the Congolese and Rwandan actors find the way to reconciliation and not that of the return to hostilities.