** A new breath for the Caucasus: Egypt and the perspectives of peace between Armenia and Azerbaijan **
On March 18, 2023 marked a significant step in the geopolitical dynamics of the South Caucasus, with the announcement of the conclusion of the negotiations of a peace treaty between Armenia and Azerbaijan. While these two nations now see the hope of a peaceful future after decades of conflicts, Egypt, through the declarations of its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, wished to express its support for this process. However, this development deserves an in -depth analysis, not only from the angle of its immediate implications for the region, but also with regard to the environmental, economic and cultural issues that surround it.
### A historic conflict with complex roots
The conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan has its origins in territorial disputes dating back to the Soviet period, exacerbated by ethnic, religious and political considerations. The Haut-Karabakh territory, mainly populated by Armenians, is at the heart of this discord. By analyzing the previous peace agreements, such as the 1994 ceasefire, we observe how the path to lasting reconciliation is dotted with pitfalls. Each attempt has been hampered not only by mutual distrust, but also by external interference and regional geopolitical interests.
### Legpt: an emerging actor in regional diplomacy
The involvement of Egypt in the promotion of this treaty opens up interesting perspectives. Historically, the country has played a mediator role in various conflicts in the Middle East and Africa, but its active participation in Caucasian affairs could point out a desire to diversify its alliances and increase its influence on the international scene. At a time when the war in Ukraine exacerbates tensions between Russia, traditionally perceived as a dominant power in the Caucasus, and the West, Egypt could take advantage of this diplomatic vacancy to position itself as a credible interlocutor.
### The economic dimensions of lasting peace
Beyond the simple cessation of hostilities, a peace treaty could also pave the way for crucial economic initiatives. Infrastructure, trade and energy cooperation are all powerful levers to anchor a real dialogue between the two nations. A study by the World Economic Forum estimated that joint investments in the energy sector, especially in pipeline and renewable energy projects, could generate economic benefits of several billion dollars.
It should be recalled that natural resources and pipelines crossing the region make it a strategic axis for several countries, notably Turkey and Iran. Consequently, peace could give birth to new commercial corridors favoring not only Armenia and Azerbaijan, but also the whole region of the South Caucasus, and even beyond, to Europe.
## environmental issues: another neglected aspect
Furthermore, peace also opens the way to important environmental questions. Armed conflicts often have disastrous consequences for the environment. Deforestation, soil pollution and the degradation of biodiversity are latent consequences of decades of war. With a treaty, the two nations could combine their efforts to restore degraded ecosystems, collaborate on reforestation projects and establish common environmental policies, an issue all the more pressing in the face of the global climate crisis.
### A cultural reflection: the role of national identities
Finally, by leaning on the cultural question, it is essential to consider how national identities shape the perceptions of the peoples concerned. Reconciliation must go through an intercultural dialogue, where the stories, traditions and legends of the two countries are shared and respected. Bilateral educational projects could thus prevent future generations from sinking again in the errors of the past.
### Conclusion: a future to build
The recent announcement of Egypt on the peace process between Armenia and Azerbaijan is promising but complex. There are many challenges, but they are also enriched with unprecedented opportunities. The Caucasus region does not only benefit from the prospect of sustainable peace, but also a chance to turn to a collaborative, dynamic and sustainable future. For this, the commitment of regional actors, supported by the international community, will be essential. While the world observes this evolution, it is now up to Armenian and Azeris leaders to transcend their differences to write together a new chapter in their common history, weaving peace ties that could last beyond borders.