The deployment of the new African Union Stabilization and Support Mission in Somalia raises significant challenges for the security and stability of the country. The UN Security Council recently approved this change, thus providing a transition from the current African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) to the future AUSSOM.
This handover is primarily aimed at strengthening the capacities of Somali forces so that they can gradually assume responsibility for national security. With a force of up to 12,000 troops, AUSSOM will maintain a robust presence to counter threats from radical Islamist insurgents, such as al-Shabaab.
The distribution of troops within the new mission will also be a key point, in order to optimize the effectiveness of security operations. The objective is to facilitate the transfer of responsibilities to Somali forces in the most stable areas, while concentrating efforts where instability persists.
However, challenges remain, particularly regarding the financing of AUSSOM. While the resolution was widely supported by the UN Security Council, the United States has expressed reservations about the funding mechanism, which could involve a significant contribution from the UN. This uncertainty underscores the complexity of the financial issues related to peacekeeping operations in Africa.
Moreover, the composition of the troops of the new mission has also been the subject of delicate negotiations. While some countries, such as Egypt, have joined the international effort in Somalia, others, such as Ethiopia and Burundi, have decided not to participate, highlighting the differences of opinion and political constraints surrounding this mission.
Ultimately, the advent of AUSSOM represents a crucial step in the fight against insecurity in Somalia. It is now up to regional and international actors to work closely together to ensure the success of this new mission and help build a peaceful and prosperous future for the Somali people.