In 2024, Southern African countries were rocked by elections that saw long-ruling liberation parties struggle for survival. Despite the region’s relative democratic stability, some trends showed signs of change and political renewal.
Youth are emerging as a key player in this change, challenging the decades-old ruling parties that historically relied on their role in liberating the country from colonial rule. However, for a new generation of voters, these historical references are no longer enough to secure political support. Contemporary issues such as jobs, dignity and economic opportunity now dominate their decision-making.
In Botswana, a normally stable country, the economy has been hit hard by a global slowdown in demand for diamonds. Youth unemployment levels have risen, fuelling growing discontent. In the 2024 elections, the opposition won a resounding victory, ending 58 years of rule by the Botswana Democratic Party. This change of power illustrates the need for political parties to adapt to current economic and social challenges.
In South Africa, the ANC, a party historically associated with the anti-apartheid struggle, was also shaken by the elections. Losing its majority, it had to share power with the opposition, marking a shift not seen since the end of apartheid. Allegations of corruption, service delivery failures, and economic hardship have eroded the ANC’s popular support over the years, leading to a significant loss of support in the 2024 elections.
Even in Namibia, where a woman was elected president for the first time, the ruling party, SWAPO, suffered setbacks in the parliamentary elections. Although it narrowly retained its majority, this result marks a potential shift in Namibia’s political landscape.
These tumultuous elections and the political changes that have come with them highlight the growing importance of youth in the democratic process. Youth aspirations for employment, economic prosperity and transparent governance are gradually changing the political landscape in Southern Africa. Long-standing political parties must adapt to these new realities and respond to the needs and aspirations of the youth to remain relevant and competitive in the political arena.
Ultimately, the 2024 elections in Southern Africa have marked a significant turning point in the region, highlighting the need for political parties to adapt to the changing demands of the population and respond to the challenges of the 21st century to ensure their long-term political survival.