The official launch of the Enhanced Ad Hoc Verification Mechanism (EAM-R) in Goma, North Kivu, marked a crucial milestone in efforts to ensure peace and stability in the region. The mechanism, set up as part of the Luanda Process, is led by Angola and involves Congolese and Rwandan officers. Its main role is to oversee compliance with the ceasefire signed between the DRC and Rwanda last July, as well as to examine accusations of aggression between the two countries.
However, from its inception, the EAM-R has faced major challenges that could compromise its effectiveness. The first of these challenges is the need to monitor the ceasefire in a context of recurrent violations. Recent advances by the M23 rebel group in Walikale and Lubero territory highlight the fragility of the truce and the complexity of its implementation on the ground.
Furthermore, access to conflict zones and the necessary logistical resources constitute a second major challenge for the MVA-R. The territories concerned, notably Rutshuru, Masisi, Nyiragongo, Lubero and Walikale, are vast and often difficult to access due to the rugged terrain and persistent insecurity. Ensuring a constant and neutral presence of the verification team in these regions is therefore a crucial issue for the success of its mission.
Finally, the success of the Enhanced Ad Hoc Verification Mechanism will largely depend on the level of cooperation between the DRC and Rwanda, as well as the support provided by the international community. It is essential that both countries fully cooperate with the MVA-R and provide the necessary information to carry out the investigations. In addition, adequate logistical and financial support from regional and international actors is essential to strengthen the operational capacities of the Mechanism.
Despite these challenges, many observers remain optimistic about the ability of the MVA-R to contribute to the de-escalation of tensions between the DRC and Rwanda. By consolidating mutual trust, ensuring a constant presence on the ground and ensuring effective cooperation between stakeholders, this Mechanism could play a key role in promoting peace and security in the Great Lakes region.