Title: The intense competition for control of the Sahel
Introduction :
The last decade has been marked by a series of challenges in the Sahel region, an area located south of the Sahara Desert. Terrorism, insecurity and trafficking are all problems that characterize this region. Faced with these challenges, different international actors are engaged in a real competition for control of the Sahel. Among them are the European Union, France, Russia, China and the United States, each with their own interests and motivations.
The role of France:
France, a former colonial power in the region, maintains close ties with its former colonies. It cooperates with these countries in areas such as the economy, defense and the exploitation of natural resources. Despite the apparent cordiality of this relationship, recent coups in French-speaking countries and anti-French sentiments in Africa reveal fissures. Nevertheless, France continues to maintain its military presence and exploit natural resources in the region.
The influence of Russia:
Russia established relations with many Sahel countries during the Cold War and colonial times. Recently, rejection of Western countries’ emphasis on human rights has pushed some Sahel countries closer to Russia. The latter has also openly supported military regimes in the region and cooperates with controversial private military companies. Russia thus seeks to maintain allies in Africa and extend its influence in the Sahel.
The attraction of China:
China presents an alternative to the former colonial powers, notably France, by presenting itself as a partner respectful of the sovereignty of the Sahel countries. The region is rich in natural resources, which is of great interest to China. It invests in the Sahel countries, particularly in the exploitation of lithium in Mali. In addition, conflicts in the region offer China the opportunity to test its weapons and develop its defense know-how.
The United States’ commitment:
The United States has also positioned itself in the competition for control of the Sahel, notably by establishing a drone base in Niger. This military presence is strategic for the United States in the region. Niger’s geographic location allows the United States to conduct effective surveillance and reconnaissance operations. Their main interest in the Sahel is therefore of a military nature.
Conclusion :
The competition for control of the Sahel continues to intensify, with the presence and competing interests of the European Union, France, Russia, China and the United States. These actors have varied motivations, ranging from the exploitation of natural resources to security and military cooperation.. The Sahel continues to be a major issue on the international scene, and it is important to understand the dynamics underlying this competition to understand the full extent of the issues in the region.