In October 2022, Chad was the scene of a popular uprising violently repressed by the police, causing between 50 and 300 deaths depending on sources. After more than a year of silence and demands for justice, the military authorities today announced a general amnesty, sparking heated controversy.
This amnesty decision was adopted by the National Transitional Council, which is largely made up of members appointed by General Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno, current transitional president. Officially, it is a measure of national reconciliation aimed at easing tensions and turning the page on the tragic events of last year.
However, this amnesty raises numerous criticisms, both nationally and internationally. The political opposition and NGOs denounce an attempt to shield members of the police from justice, accusing them of having committed a real massacre during the repression of the demonstrations. According to them, this amnesty goes against the search for truth and justice for the victims.
Figures differ as to the exact number of victims during the demonstrations. The authorities speak of around fifty deaths, while the opposition and local and international organizations put forward much higher figures. Regardless, it is undeniable that a large number of young demonstrators lost their lives during these tragic events.
Since then, hundreds of protesters have been arrested and imprisoned, some receiving heavy sentences. Some have been pardoned by the transitional president, but no member of the police has been charged or arrested. This impunity fuels the feeling of injustice and abandonment among the victims’ families, as well as anger within the opposition and civil society.
The military authorities’ decision to grant a general amnesty also raises questions about the ongoing political transition in Chad. While General Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno had committed to returning power to civilians after an 18-month transition period, this period was extended by two years. This amnesty therefore appears to be a means of strengthening the power in place and maintaining impunity.
Faced with these events, the demand for an international investigation into the violence and responsibilities remains strong. Human rights organizations and the opposition are calling for full light to be shed on the events of October 2022 and for those responsible to be brought to justice. The credibility of the transition process and national reconciliation in Chad is at stake.
In conclusion, the general amnesty granted by the military authorities in Chad raises many questions and criticisms. The victims and their families demand justice and truth, while the opposition and NGOs denounce the impunity granted to the police. The major challenge now lies in the need to shed light on the violence that occurred during the demonstrations and to establish responsibilities in order to ensure real national reconciliation.