Mining in Africa: towards a necessary transformation
Mining in Africa has long been a source of debate and controversy. On the one hand, it is essential for the economic development of the continent, but on the other, it is accused of being polluting, violating human rights and financing armed groups. Faced with these issues, several initiatives have been put in place to regulate the mining sector and ensure more responsible and transparent exploitation.
The Paris Peace Summit, which took place recently, was an opportunity for many African actors to plead in favor of better management of mining resources. João Samuel Caholo, executive secretary of the International Conference of the Great Lakes (ICGLR), notably called on member states to join the mineral monitoring and certification mechanism. This mechanism strengthens control of mining sites, transport routes and the supply chain. Currently, five countries have already signed this agreement, and the hope is to see other African countries commit soon.
But beyond these control measures, it is also important to rethink the mining development model in Africa. Fabien Mayani, director of the extractive industries governance program at the Carter Center, emphasizes that the current energy transition does not sufficiently benefit local populations. Minerals are extracted in Africa, but the added value takes place abroad. It is therefore essential to develop mechanisms allowing local communities to actively participate in resource management and benefit from added value.
This includes better collection of taxes from large foreign companies and a more equitable redistribution of income. Local communities must also be involved in decision-making and have a say in the granting of authorizations and monitoring of mining projects. Initiatives aimed at strengthening the role of women in the mining sector in Africa should also be encouraged, because they provide a new perspective and promote inclusive development.
In conclusion, mining in Africa is a major issue for the continent. It is essential to put in place control and certification mechanisms to guarantee responsible and transparent exploitation of resources. But beyond these measures, it is also crucial to rethink the mining development model in Africa, by involving local communities more and ensuring equitable redistribution of income. Only a holistic and inclusive approach will transform mining into an engine of sustainable development for Africa.