The multiplication of coups d’état in West Africa: symptom of a historical and demographic shift
In recent years, West Africa has been the scene of a series of coups, the latest being the one that took place in Niger on July 26. This multiplication of coups d’état raises questions about the underlying reasons and the meaning to be given to this growing instability in the Sahelian countries. To shed light on this issue, we had the opportunity to discuss with Achille Mbembé, Cameroonian researcher and professor of history and political science at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
According to Achille Mbembé, the coups d’état in West Africa reflect a historical and demographic shift. Indeed, the region is experiencing rapid demographic growth, with a young population seeking economic and political opportunities. However, state institutions have not been able to adequately respond to these aspirations, creating a feeling of frustration and exclusion among the population. This frustration combined with growing inequalities and poor management of natural resources have contributed to the rise of protest movements and discontent within society.
Furthermore, Achille Mbembé underlines the importance of geopolitical issues in the multiplication of coups d’état. Indeed, the Sahel region has become a playground for foreign powers seeking to extend their influence and appropriate natural resources. This international competition has exacerbated political tensions and created a climate ripe for coups. Furthermore, regional and international actors often have divergent interests, which complicates the peaceful resolution of conflicts.
Faced with this situation, Achille Mbembé insists on the importance of strengthening democratic institutions and promoting better governance in West Africa. It also highlights the need to invest in education, vocational training and job creation for young people in order to offer them future prospects and reduce socio-economic inequalities. Finally, it calls for inclusive political dialogue and strengthened regional cooperation to address common challenges.
In conclusion, the multiplication of coups d’état in West Africa reflects a historical and demographic shift, as well as the complex geopolitical issues that cross the region. To address this growing instability, it is essential to work for better governance, strong democratic institutions, and policies of social and economic inclusion. Only a global and coordinated approach can truly contribute to the stability and development of the region.