The Internet has become a central pillar of our lives, facilitating access to information, allowing us to stay in touch with our loved ones and offering a multitude of entertainment possibilities. However, in many African countries, access to the internet is increasingly restricted, or even completely cut off, often under the pretext of preserving national security or combating disinformation.
According to a study by the NGO Tournons la Page, between 2014 and 2022, the African continent experienced at least 142 internet outages in 35 different countries. These outages, whether temporary or lasting, have a considerable impact on populations, depriving them of the freedom to access information, communicate and participate in digital development.
Several methods are used by governments to restrict access to the internet. A total shutdown, also called a “kill switch”, involves completely cutting off internet access for all users in a specific country, region or locality. This method is often used during electoral periods or popular demonstrations, in order to limit the circulation of information and reduce the possibilities of mobilization.
Another method is to specifically block certain services or websites, such as social networks or instant messaging services. This limits users’ ability to express themselves freely and communicate with loved ones.
Finally, there is the “throttling” method, which consists of deliberately reducing the speed of the Internet connection, thus making using the Internet difficult or impossible. This can be done in a targeted manner, by slowing down connections to certain sites or applications, or generally, by slowing down the entire network.
These restrictions on internet access are worrying because they limit the fundamental freedoms of African citizens and hinder the economic and social development of the continent. Many voices are being raised to denounce these practices and ask African governments to guarantee open and free access to the internet for all.
It is essential that African governments recognize the importance of the internet in the daily lives of their citizens and work to ensure reliable, fast and affordable access for all. The internet is a powerful tool for education, communication and economic development, and it is crucial that no one is left behind in this expanding digital age.